What Is Dyspepsia?
Dyspepsia, commonly known as indigestion, refers to discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen. It can also mean bloating in some people It is not a disease but a symptom that can signal underlying digestive issues. Dyspepsia can be functional (with no identifiable cause) or organic (due to specific conditions like ulcers or GERD).
Causes of Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia can result from various factors, including:Overeating or consuming spicy, fatty foods:
Overeating or consuming spicy, fatty, or acidic foods
Stress and anxiety
Eating too quickly or insufficient chewing
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Helicobacter pylori infection (a common bacterial infection linked to peptic ulcers)
Gallstones
Smoking and alcohol consumption
Certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs like aspirin, antibiotics)
Peptic ulcers
Inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis)
What are the Symptoms of Dyspepsia?
The symptoms can vary from person to person, but some common ones include:
Feeling full or bloated after eating
Abdominal pain or discomfort
Nausea and vomiting
Burping and excessive gas
Heartburn (burning sensation in the chest)
Acidic taste in the mouth
How Can Indigestion, Dyspepsia Be Treated?
Treatment of dyspepsia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. According to the latest guidelines, the approach typically involves:
Lifestyle and Dietary Modifications:
Eat smaller, more frequent meals: Avoid large meals that can overwhelm the digestive system.
Identify and avoid trigger foods: Common triggers include caffeine, alcohol, and fatty or spicy foods.
Manage stress: Techniques like deep breathing, mindfulness, or therapy can help reduce symptoms linked to stress and anxiety.
Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake: These can exacerbate symptoms and contribute to underlying causes like GERD.
Avoiding lying down or slouch within 3 hours after eating a meal
Medications:
Antacids: Over-the-counter antacids can neutralize stomach acid and provide quick relief.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): Medications like dexlansoprazole or esomeprazole are used to reduce stomach acid production, especially in cases of GERD or peptic ulcers.
H. pylori treatment: If dyspepsia is linked to H. pylori infection, a combination of antibiotics and PPIs may be prescribed.
Prokinetics: Medications such as domperidone or motilium that help accelerate stomach emptying can be used in cases of delayed gastric emptying.
Diagnostic Tests:
Endoscopy: Recommended in cases with alarming symptoms (e.g., weight loss, persistent vomiting, difficulty swallowing) to rule out serious conditions like ulcers or cancer.
Scans to exclude gallstones, pancreatic problems
How To Relieve Dyspepsia?
To manage and relieve dyspepsia, consider the following:
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water, especially between meals, to aid digestion.
Eat smaller, frequent meals: This can prevent overloading the stomach.
Use medications as directed: Follow your doctor’s instructions on taking antacids, PPIs, or any prescribed medication.
Elevate your head while sleeping: This can reduce acid reflux, especially in those with GERD.
Avoid trigger foods and drinks: Identify and eliminate foods that worsen symptoms.
Practice relaxation techniques: Techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga can help manage stress-induced dyspepsia.
Wear loose-fitting clothing: Tight clothing can compress the stomach and exacerbate symptoms.
Address underlying causes: Work with your healthcare provider to treat conditions like GERD, H. pylori infection, or gallstones to prevent future episodes.